The Aztec name for vanilla is tlilxochitl (pronounced tea-so-shill), which translates into “black flower”. In 1427, the Aztecs learned about the aromatic vanilla when they concerned the Totonaco people. The Aztec ruler Itzcoatl grew fond of both the taste and the smell and the Aztecs where soon adding vanilla to their sacred cacahuatl drink. Vanilla was also used as medicine and considered helpful against ailments such as indigestion, poisoning and animal bites.
The Aztecs never carried out any vanilla cultivation on their own; they simply forced the Totonacos to cultivate vanilla for them. In order to pay their taxes, the Totonacos had to send vanilla beans of supreme quality to Tenochtitlan.